An Eco-Friendly Modification of a Walnut Shell Biosorbent for Increased Efficiency in Wastewater Treatment

Herein, we report the performance of some low-cost biosorbents developed by environment-friendly modification walnut shells. Two types were prepared ecological shell surfaces: (1) obtained hot water treatment (WSH2O) and (2) produced mercerization (WSNaOH). Different techniques used to evaluate morphological, elemental, structural biosorbents, comparison with raw materials. These characterization involved scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The employed for removal methylene blue (MB) crystal violet (CV) cationic dyes (as model organic pollutants) from aqueous solutions. kinetic adsorption data mainly followed pseudo-first-order model. maximum capacities ranged 102 110 mg/g observed at 330 K. Equilibrium fitted Langmuir Freundlich isotherm models. calculated values thermodynamic parameters suggested that investigated processes exergonic (?G < 0) exothermic (?H 0). In addition, a possible valorization cost-effective eco-friendly spent was tested performing secondary anionic dyes.